Solving ethical dilemmas in public relations

How might Jesus lead Worship - Essay Example It is about people’s typical vision of love contrasted with how Jesus, as a Church head sees it Himself. The second piece of the book manages the reasonable recommendations for contemporary adherents giving a lot of consideration to the good news of Luke. This noteworthy bit of the conversation in the book is partitioned into four separate sections named as follows: Humble Servants, Leaders with Authority, Creative Communicators, and Reliant on the Spirit (Hargreaves and Hargreaves 38, 61, 81, 103). Every one of them lead a peruser toward what God gives an admirer for only one melody while lauding in songs. Association and discourse as dependent on my experience First of all, this book changed my perspective about close to home relationship with Jesus. I realize that we should stay aware of the requests of time. Simply commending Jesus in another manner is a smart thought for the individuals who look for God’s beauty into their lives. In this vein, the creators concede the accompanying proclamation: â€Å"Jesus would stay aware of the trendsâ€we must be totally in the know regarding what we wear† (Hargreaves and Hargreaves 8). Thus, I see that the book is a reasonable guide for each devotee mindful of the correct side in loving. In view of my experience, I can't impart this message to my friends other than to make my recognition to God extremely ground-breaking. At the end of the day, new styles in music and singing are to be shared while adulating God because of His multifaceted indications of intensity and reason, since God makes something new each and every day. Surely, the book is loaded with various points of view in regards to a bit by bit guidance on the best way to follow Christ-like method of revering. I feel that every Christian should remember that singing like Jesus needs more practice so that to the Holy Spirit. Investigating my venerating style, I have thought of what I ought to do progress of time, in particular â€Å"bei ng loyal in support of God’s plan for our lives† (Hargreaves and Hargreaves 9). Unquestionably, this is the reason such huge numbers of Christians don't have what God guaranteed them. It is like the narrative of the People of Israel when God drove them to the Promised Land. Glancing through the good news of Luke, I have understood the extent of advantages God gives those having a similar message as Jesus educated. In this regard it isn't about the material courtesies, however the profound bounce inside the heap of celestial appearances of God power in lives of conventional adherents. The individuals who ask for His magnificence attempting to get the disclosure of how to turn out to be progressively similar to God will arrive at this objective out through adulating God each and every moment in chapel or somewhere else. Basic appraisal While perusing the book, I have understood that the congregation needs more vision in how to venerate God. The general impression from thi s book is that the congregation should be adaptable and open to the necessities of contemporary mankind so that to satisfy everyone in music styles and types. Being socially full grown is the initial step. Second, I have comprehended that there ought to be more takes a stab at how to be nearer to God with respect to me as an adherent. The model I have called attention to while perusing the book is as per the following: â€Å"The preeminent case of love closeness most likely must be searched for in Christ Jesus and his relationship with the Father† (Hargreaves and Hargreaves 12). Along these lines, the follow-up in the Christ-like method of revering has become my philosophy. Our dedication to Jesus ought to be felt by the Creator. In any case,

Custom Essay Writing Service - Get Your Project Through a Professional Proofreading and Editing Process

Custom Essay Writing Service - Get Your Project Through a Professional Proofreading and Editing ProcessOne of the many services that a custom essay writing service offers is proofreading and editing. While you may not realize it, many students who write their own essays as part of their senior project will be unable to read the work themselves. If this happens, your essay may have been lost forever, and you will have wasted your time and money on it. This is why proofreading and editing services are very important.When you sign up for a custom essay writing service, they offer services that can be very helpful in the editing and proofreading process. Often you will get a variety of different essays, all of which can be read by individuals with varying levels of education. This is an easy way to get your work back into the hands of people who can actually read it.Many students choose to write their essays for this reason alone. Sometimes you just want your essay to go to the best peop le possible, and a personalized essay service can help in this regard. The person who is reading the essay is not always an instructor or professor, so the fact that you wrote it yourself is another benefit.Essays are so complex that most college professors only get about four hours of sleep a night, let alone the problems that arise from over-using their teaching skills. Students often do not feel comfortable talking about their personal lives or situations in their writing, so you can reduce some of these problems with professional editing. A custom essay writing service can take care of this for you as well.Proofreading and editing services are designed for those who know their own work so well that they know exactly what they are doing. You will not be able to make sense of it, which makes it imperative that the essays that are being reviewed are clear and professional. Some people enjoy writing about something that is not as easily understood, but the best readers and editors a re the ones who can use their imagination and feelingsto bring it all together.Once you sign up for a custom essay writing service, it will come out a lot better than if you were to start writing it yourself. It is not hard to rewrite your essay once you have a proofreader, editor, and proofreading software to help with the process. In fact, it can be easier for you to do this than it would be for you to find a professor, as the one with whom you are assigned can be difficult to reach.Not only is the editing helpful but it can save you money when you turn in your personal essay for grading. Your professor might write the grade yourself, but you will not be able to edit it and make your grade better. You can then hire a professional essay writing service to re-write the piece for you, allowing you to add your own thoughts, suggestions, and changes to it, all of which will be added automatically into your final grade.Instead of trying to find a professor or a friend who is good at wri ting, you can rely on a custom essay writing service to find a solution for you. They will not give you any extra points for creativity or originality, but they will ensure that you have the grade you deserve. You will not have to worry about writing your own final paper, and you will have a project that is well worth the effort and time that you put into it.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 07, 2019 Michael H / Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What role do genetic and environmental influences play in determining intelligence? This question has been one of the most controversial topics throughout the history of psychology and remains a hot topic of debate to this day. In addition to disagreements about the basic nature of intelligence, psychologists have spent a great amount of time and energy debating the various influences on individual intelligence. The debate focuses on one of the major questions in psychology: Which is more importantâ€"nature or nurture? Do Genetics or Intelligence Play a Bigger Role in Determining Intelligence? Today, psychologists recognize that both genetics and the environment play a role in determining intelligence. It now becomes a matter of determining exactly how much of an influence each factor has. Twin studies suggest that between 40 and 80% of the variance in IQ is linked to genetics. This research suggests that genetics may play a larger role than environmental factors in determining individual IQ. One important thing to note about the genetics of intelligence is that it is not controlled by a single intelligence gene. Instead, it is the result of complex interactions between many genes. Next, it is important to note that genetics and the environment interact to determine exactly how inherited genes are expressed. For example, if a person has tall parents, it is likely that the individual will also grow to be tall. However, the exact height the person reaches can be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition and disease. A child may be born with genes for brightness, but if that child grows up in a deprived environment where he is malnourished and lacks access to educational opportunities, he may not score well on measures of IQ. Evidence of Genetic Influences on Intelligence Twin studies suggest that identical twins IQs are more similar than those of fraternal twins (Plomin Spinath, 2004).Siblings reared together in the same home have IQs that are more similar than those of adopted children raised together in the same environment (McGue others, 1993). In addition to inherited characteristics, other biological factors such as maternal age, prenatal exposure to harmful substances, and prenatal malnutrition may also influence intelligence. Evidence of Environmental Influences on Intelligence Identical twins reared apart have IQs that are less similar than identical twins reared in the same environment (McGue others, 1993).School attendance has an impact on IQ scores (Ceci, 2001).Children who are breastfed during the first three to five months of life score higher on IQ tests at age 6 than same-age children who were not breastfed (Kramer others, 2008). So what are some of the environmental influences that can account for variances in intelligence? Factors such as family, education, enriched social environments, and peer groups have all been linked to differences in IQ. For example, studies have found that first-born children tend to have higher IQs than later-born siblings. Why? Many experts believe that this is because first-born children receive more attention from parents. Research also suggests that parents expect older children to perform better on a variety of tasks, whereas later-born siblings face lesser task-focused expectations. Is Your IQ Score Above Average?

Timeline Slavery in the Cape Colony

Many South Africans are the descendants of slaves brought to the Cape Colony from 1653 until 1822. 1652: Refreshment station established at the Cape, in April, by The Dutch East India Company, based in Amsterdam, to provide for its ships on their voyage to the East. In May the commander, Jan van Riebeeck, requests slave labour. 1653: Abraham van Batavia, the first slave, arrives. 1654: A slaving voyage undertaken from the Cape via Mauritius to Madagascar. 1658: Farms granted to Dutch free burghers (ex-Company soldiers). Secret journey into Dahomey (Benin) brings 228 slaves. Portugese slaver with 500 Angolan slaves captured by the Dutch; 174 landed at the Cape. 1687: Free burghers petition for slave trade to be opened to free enterprise. 1700: Government directive restricting male slaves being brought from the East. 1717: Dutch East India Company ends assisted immigration from Europe. 1719: Free burghers petition again for slave trade to be opened to free enterprise. 1720: France occupies Mauritius. 1722: Slaving post established at Maputo (Lourenco Marques) by Dutch. 1732: Maputo slave post abandoned due to mutiny. 1745-46: Free burghers petition again for slave trade to be opened to free enterprise. 1753: Governor Rijk Tulbagh codifies slave law. 1767: Abolition of importation of male slaves from Asia. 1779: Free burghers petition again for slave trade to be opened to free enterprise. 1784: Free burghers petition again for slave trade to be opened to free enterprise. Government directive abolishing the importation of male slaves from Asia repeated. 1787: Government directive abolishing the importation of male slaves from Asia repeated again. 1791: Slave trade opened to free enterprise. 1795: British take over the Cape Colony. Torture abolished. 1802: The Dutch regain control of the Cape. 1806: Britain occupies the Cape again. 1807: Britain passes the Abolition of Slave Trade Act. 1808: Britain enforces the Abolition of Slave Trade Act, ending the external slave trade. Slaves can now be traded only within the colony. 1813: Fiscal Dennyson codifies the Cape Slave Law. 1822: Last slaves imported, illegally. 1825: Royal Commission of Enquiry at the Cape investigates Cape slavery. 1826: Guardian of Slaves appointed. Revolt by Cape slave owners. 1828: Lodge (Company) slaves and Khoi slaves emancipated. 1830: Slave owners have to start keeping a record of punishments. 1833: Emancipation Decree issued in London. 1834: Slavery abolished. Slaves become apprentices for four years. 1838: End of slave apprenticeship.

William Shakespeare s Sonnet 60 - 1250 Words

Shakespeare’s sonnet 60 expresses the inevitable end that comes with time and uses this dark truth to express his hopefulness that his poetry will carry his beloved’s beauty and worth into the future in some way so that it may never die. This love poem is, as all sonnets are, fourteen lines. Three quatrains form these fourteen lines, and each quatrain consists of two lines. Furthermore, the last two lines that follow these quatrains are known as the couplet. This sonnet has the rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, as most Shakespearean sonnets follow. In each of the three quatrains, Shakespeare discusses a different idea. In this particular sonnet, the idea is how time continues to pass on, causing everything to die. The couplet connects these ideas to one central theme, this theme being Shakespeare’s hope for the beauty of his beloved’s immortality through his poetry’s continuation into future times. Shakespeare did not originally intend for his sonn ets to be published, therefore it is more likely that the sonnets where written for personal expression. This makes it extremely likely that Shakespeare is the speaker of this sonnet. With this information, it makes sense that the recipient of this poem is Shakespeare’s beloved, an unmentioned young man. Although this sonnet does not directly mention whom the individual mentioned in the last two lines is, it is believed to be a young man because sonnets 1- 126 were written to the young man. The application of sonnet 60 toShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 60978 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sonnet 60, (â€Å"Like as the waves make towards the pebbl’d shore†), William Shakespeare exemplifies the speaker s interpretation of time through the personification of nature. This piece follows the english (Shakespearean) sonnet model, incorporating a total of fourteen lines, divided into three quatrains composed of four lines each, followed by a concluding couplet of two lines. The focal point of a Shakespearean sonnet is the iambic pentameter meter. Iambic pentameter as defined by Oxford EnglishRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnet 60, By William Shakespeare968 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Sonnet 60,† William Shakespeare describes the effects of time’s passage on life, the evolution of life, and Time’s relentless advance, as well as claiming his own power to attempt to grant his love immortality. In quatrain 1, he reflects on the fleeting nature of life, caused by the inexorable progress of time, which ends so quickly only to start anew. â€Å"Like as the waves make toward the pebbled shore,† Shakespeare makes a simile with waves moving through the ocean: quickly and unopposedly. â€Å"SoRead MoreEssay on Shakespeare Authorship Controversy1504 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare, the man who wrote 37 plays and more than a hundred sonnets, is known throughout the world. Many people consider him one of the best English play wrights of our time, others say that he was a genius. William Shakspere was born in Stratford-upon Avon in 1564 and died in 1616 at the age of 52. In the mid-19th century, questions had arisen about the Shakespeare authorship controversy, and many scholars wondered whether Shakspere, the man from Stratford, wrote the plays. Ralph W. EmersonRead MoreLiterature and Other Arts1033 Words   |  5 Pagesauthors in the 1950’s and 60’s. The traditional values of Western civilization, which the Victorian had only begun to question, came to be questioned seriously by a number of new writersm who saw society breaking down around them. Traditional literary forms were often discarded, and new ones succeeded one another with bewildering rapidly, as writers sought fresher ways of expressing what they took to be new kinds of experience, or experience seen in new ways. Sonnet XVIII represents theRead MoreCompare And Contrast Different Literature Periods1452 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature and during this era, William Shakespeare appeared and he becomes the most famous writer in the history of literature and his plays had played in the theatres around the world. The themes in this era related somehow to the surrounding events during this period so the majority of the literature works had a tragic end which was death and that related to the Black Death (the plague), which spread during this period. The poets like John Donne and George Herbert even Shakespeare followed a special techniqueRead MoreThe Use of Verse and Prose in RomeoJuliet3483 Words   |  14 Pagesand Verse in RomeoJuliet Table of Contents page 1 Introduction 3 2 Technical terms 3 2.1 Metre 3 2.2 Foot 3 2.3 Enjambment and End-stopped Line 4 2.4 Rhyme 4 2.5 Rhyme Scheme 5 3 Prose 5 4 Verse 5 4.1 Rhymed verse 6 4.1.1 Sonnet 6 4.2 Blank Verse 6 4.3 Free Verse 7 5 Verse and Prose in Romeo and Juliet 7 5.1 Functions of the Use of Prose 7 5.1.1 Function of Variation 7 5.1.2 Class-Differing Function 8 5.1.3 Empathy-Creating Function 8 5.1.4 Realness-Creating FunctionRead More Exploring Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Essay4114 Words   |  17 PagesIn Plato’s Symposium, the discussion on the nature of love between Socrates and his companions in the house of Agathon clearly discerns key ideas that Shakespeare uses in the sonnets. Beauty, youth, and love are all topics of discussion in the conversations, and Plato’s ideas show up again and again when the sonnets are explored. In Symposium, Aristophanes gives a detailed description of a time when humans were not in their present physical form (Plato 353). His tale posits that the original formRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Accomplishments1819 Words   |  8 PagesAs we all know William Shakespeare was a well known and a highly sought after writer, but did he really deserve all that fame? As early as 1709, with Nicholas Rowe s publication of his edition of Shakespeare s works, the little information that we had about William Shakespeare began to show. Other than several early minor accounts, the preface of Nicholas Rowe s edition contained the first biography of William Shakespeare. Rowe presented eleven known facts about Shakespeare s life. By 1821, howeverRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pageshimself and the people around him. Demonstrate critical thinking skills, such as problem solving as it relates to social issues. Week 11 13 - England : Sonnet 29 -William Shakespeare Discuss the denotative and connotative meaning of words found in some lines in the poem Paraphrase the poem Discuss the biography of E .B. Browning in relation with her sonnet Discuss the closure in the poem. Research theories on remembering and forgetting. Relate your research to the speaker in the poem. Library ResearchRead MoreWhat Are The Five Characteristics Of A Quest?1901 Words   |  8 Pagesand growing in strength by hurting someone else. 10.) Meaning behind â€Å"if its a square, its a sonnet† Sonnets have ten syllables and are 14 lines long, ten syllables in english is a long as 14 lines are high so a sonnet makes a square when in writing. 11.) How poets work magic on you? They use a certain choice in imaging, music in the language, content, and a play on words. 12.) Define Petrarchan sonnet First stanza has eight lines and the next has six, two separate rhyme schemes for the stanzas

The Constellation Orion Free Essays

Orion has been recognized as distinct group of stars for thousands of years. The Chaldeans knew it as Tammuz, named after the month that the familiar belt of stars first rose before sunrise. The Syrians called it Al Jabbar, the Giant. We will write a custom essay sample on The Constellation Orion or any similar topic only for you Order Now To the ancient Egyptians it was Sahu, the soul of Osiris. However in Greek mythology, Orion was a beautiful giant hunter. There are many legends about Orion and several variations about his death and why he was placed in the stars. One story tells of his boast that he would eventually rid the earth of all its wild animals. When the Earth goddess Gea heard of this she became upset and sent a Giant Scorpion to sting him to death. Now even after death that scorpion chases him around the sky. If you notice scorpio and Orion are never in the sky together. Another story says that Artemis the goddess of hunting fell in love with Orion. And when Orion was swimming Artemis was speaking to her brother Apollo. He bet her that she could not shoot a dot on the distance. She hit the target right on but had been tricked. She had shoot Orion. She put her love, Orion in the sky. And yet another tells how Orion raped Artemis. And she took her revenge upon him, when she shot him. Now seeing as there are several variations of his death you would have to choose which one you like best and go with it. There are two stars that are well know in the constalation of Orion. The first one is know as Betelgeuse, also called Alpha Orinis. It is one of the brightest stars in the constelation of Orion. It is an irregular because it changes brightness and size but has no regular periods of veration. It is classified as a red supergiant and it is 600 times the size of the sun. The other star to be Mentioned is Rigel also known as Beta Orionis. It is the Brightest star in the constelation and the seventh brightest star in the heavens. The Location of both stars can be seen on the picture of Orion. How to cite The Constellation Orion, Papers

Article Library The Next Generation Library -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Article Library The Next Generation Library? Answer: Introducation An economy is characterized by various market structures, the four basic market structures include perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. A perfect competition market structure consists of a large number of firms competing. A single firm cannot control the whole market and has limited power in terms of entry barriers. Also, all firms produce identical products. A monopolistic competition also consists of a large number of firms competing against each other. However, the firms in this market structure sell similar products but somewhat differentiated. There is also free entry and exit to the market. An oligopoly is a market structure that is controlled by a small number of firms meaning that it is a situation of limited competition. The products produced may be identical or differentiated and there exist barriers to entry in this market. A monopoly is a market structure where a single dominant firm controls the entire market. In this scenario, the firm can set its prices and control output because consumers dont have much choice. Also, there are high barriers to entry (Stiglitz, 1993). Game theory is a study of determining logically the actions of participants in achieving the best outcomes when faced with various alternatives. Game theory is common in an oligopoly market structure (" The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics, 2017). In real life, game theory can be applied when striking deals. A kinked demand curve is a standard demand curve with a bend as a consequence of competing firms in an oligopoly market structure (" kinked demand curve, 2017). For example, ever wondered why most petrol stations charge more or less the price of fuel. Competing firms cannot afford to increase their prices (Guru, 2017). Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that sells the same product to different customers at different prices with the aim of improving revenues. There exists a number of pricing strategies that firms use. Some include; incentive discounts, loyalty pricing, and indirect segmentation. A Woolworth supermarket chain in your city is likely to be in an oligopoly marketing structure since its in a major city. A Woolworth supermarket in a small town is in a monopoly market structure because isolated small towns may have a monopoly situation. A small cafe in Melbourne/Sydney CBD is in a monopolistic competition market because it is highly likely there are other small cafes, operating in the CBD on any given day. Yarra Tram in Melbourne is in a monopoly situation because they operate large tram networks. Australia New Zealand Bank in an oligopoly market structure since it is one of the largest global banks with a considerable market share in Australia, New Zealand, and other countries. Academies Australasia Polytechnic is a higher education institution which incorporates elements of monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. A small store that sells souvenirs in your citys Sunday market is in a perfect competition market because there is a high chance there exists other small stores selling similar items. I phone and Samsung in the smart phone industry which is an oligopoly market structure. A monopolistic competitive market structure has differentiated products, the demand curve is downward sloping and more elastic (Diagram B). Firms operating in this market structure have less control on the prices and will depend on how unique its product is compared to its competitors.On the other hand, oligopolies face a combination of both curves, inelastic and elastic. This is because oligopolies monitor each others pricing decisions. Increases in the price above the equilibrium will result in the more elastic demand curve. On the flip side, a reduction in prices below the equilibrium, the demand curve will be inelastic because other competitors will reduce their prices. References Game Theory: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | Library of Economics and Liberty. (2017).Econlib.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017, from https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GameTheory.html Guru, S. (2017).YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 4 October 2017, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/oligopoly-market/the-kinked-demand-curve-theory-of-oligopoly/37335/ Spacey, J. (2017).10 Examples of Price Discrimination.Simplicable. Retrieved 4 October 2017, Auditing https://simplicable.com/new/price-discrimination Stiglitz, J. (1993).Economics. New York: Norton.

Xdsl Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, DSL Modem,

Xdsl Digital Subscriber Lines Fast and affordable Internet access has become a big issue for private users and small businesses. Today users have many different options concerning Internet access. One can use a 56k/28k modem, cable modem, wireless, Ethernet, an ISDN connection, a T1 or T3 connection, or a DSL connection. Each method of connection has advantages and disadvantages concerning security, cost, and speed. A newer technology for users is DSL or a Digital Subscriber Line. DSL uses existing phone lines to send info. Unlike a dial up analog modem, a DSL connection allows voice and data to be sent at the same time on the same phone line, the bit rate is faster and the connection is continuous (no need to dial up). DSL Technology DSL is a technology for pushing high bit rates through last mile telephone connections (small gage copper less that 18,000 ft.). For most people, point A will be their home and point B will be the substation of the local phone company. DSL modems, unlike conventional modems, establish a connection from one end of a copper wire to the other end of that copper wire: the signal does not pass into the telephone switching system. DSL modems are not limited to using only the voice frequencies passed by the standard telephone system (usually 0-4kHz), DSL modems typically use more than 100kHhz. (Day 1999) When the local loop carrying the voice/data reaches the local phone company the loop first goes to a splitter which separates the voice from the data. The voice frequencies are sent to the traditional telephone switching network used for voice transfer. The data frequencies are wired into a DSL modem at the central office (CO) end. The resulting high-speed digital data stream coming from (or going to) the consumer is handled as digital data (not analog voice) and may be hooked into a number of networks connection to the data's destination. The data never enters the standard telephone switching system. (Day 1999) When you connect to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) you are not connecting to the ISP over its standard modem bank, instead you are coming in over some sort of LAN/WAN (Local/Wide Area Network) data connection that the ISP has arranged with your local phone company. This is the only way an ISP can provide DSL-connected ISP service for customers. Because of the connection to the area network the DSL connection is always on, there is no need to dial up and connect to a modem. (Day 1999) This is a good graphic network map from dslreports.com DSL Protocols There are many different protocols and sub protocols that fall under DSL. Some of the main protocols for DSL are: -ADSL-Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (1.5 Mbps-9Mbps) (DNAI 1999) -RADSL-Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (test and adapts for fastest speed) (DNAI 1999) -HDSL-High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (T1 Speeds, currently requires 2 lines) (DNAI 1999) -VDSL-Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (ten times as fast as ADSL, not on market yet) (Clarke 1999) DSL networks have modems at both ends of the connection, the customer's modem and the ISP's modem. Because different protocols use different hardware (modem) the ISP chooses what protocol will be used. Hardware Although it depends on your ISP and the equipment they use, typically you will need a 10Base-T adapter with which to connect to the external DSL modem, and a personal computer. Keep in mind that with different protocols you will need different DSL modems. If you are putting together a LAN you will also need a hub or preferably a switch. Usually the customer DSL device is implemented as a bridge, router or both. (Kristoff 1999) Splitters and Filters Because the same line is used to send voice and data frequencies it is possible for interference to occur. Sometimes a phone will go above the 4kHZ frequency and cause interference with the DSL data stream. Another problem is the high frequencies used by the DSL modem can be picked up by the phone resulting in static on the headset. The original solution to 4kHZ interference problems was to use a POTS splitter. A splitter takes the phone line and forks it. One line goes to the telephones and the other goes to the DSL modem. Besides splitting the line the splitter acts as a

Germany Economy in the Modern Days

Germany Economy in the Modern Days Introduction Germany practices an open economy based on a strong economic base which amounts for a third of the gross domestic product (GDP). German economy is influenced by competitions in the global market especially in international mobile and capital technology. It practices capitalism and free market in order to enhance their competitiveness in the global economic arena. The government only exercises regulation and subsidizes sectors like coal mining and agriculture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Germany Economy in the Modern Days specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Macro-Economic Picture of Germany In the European Union bloc, Germany has the largest population. In the year 2009, the population of Germany was estimated to be 81.8 million. Its prosperous economy attracts a lot of immigrants from all corners of the world. In terms of nominal GDP, Germany ranks 4th while in terms of purchasing power, it ran ks 5th in the world. Germany is considered a technological and scientific development hub. It is a global dominant actor in the industrial production of machinery, chemicals, vehicles and other household implements. Despite the global recession, German economy was considered one of the stable economies in the world. Figure 1 below indicates how German economy performed during the global financial crisis period from 2007 to 2009. Figure 1 (Economy Watch 1) German’s GDP is one of the strongest in the world. In 2009, its per capita GDP was $34,200, down from $35,500 in 2008. During this period, the rate of unemployment grew from 7.8% in 2008 to 8.2% in 2009. This is largely linked to slow industrial growth to less import productivity (Economy Watch 1). This is indicated in figure 2 below. Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 2 (Economy Watch 1) The current unemployment rate in Germany stands at 7.5%. The following is the current contribution of various sectors to the economy in the year 2010. Major Economic Contributors Agriculture contributes approximately 0.9 percent of the GDP. Among the agricultural products grown are corn, wheat, sugar, barley and hops. Industrial sector accounts for 26.8 percent of the economy. Products from the industrial sector include cars, chemicals, medical equipment, and aerospace equipment. In terms of trade, Germany exported goods worth $1.124 trillion. The major exports were chemicals, motor vehicles, steel, iron and electrical products. Their major markets are France, US and the Netherlands. German imports goods worth $937 billion. Their major imports are petroleum products, manufactured goods, apparel, and electrical products. Their major suppliers are Netherlands, China and France. Germany’s economy is export oriented and forms basis of micro-economic expansion and these exports amoun t to a third of the national income. Germany imports represent 12.56 percent of the economy while exports account for 14.099 percent of the GDP. Nature of German Economy Germany practices social protection where the state is a dominant actor in the economic realm. It does not have natural resources except coal, wood and minerals, hence most of their raw materials are imported (Siebert 19). Germany’s economy is a mix of government regulated and one of a free market. The government specifically regulates social and labor issues. Most of the companies operating in Germany are built around a technological knowledge. Private ownership plays a significant role in the ownership of various companies and hence owner-entrepreneur is the main driving force. There is growing unemployment in Germany. This is associated with wage formation, reservations of wages and weakening demand for labor.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Germany Economy in the Modern Days specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More German Economic Ranking Germany experience low birth rates, this implies that an aging population is inescapable and continues to be an economic challenge in future (Mueller 281). Germany ranks second globally in market and economic competitiveness after USA. This is largely due to ownership laws and its exemplary general law and order. In the 2011 global competitive index, Germany was ranked one step lower than the 2010 ranking in position six with an indicative score of 5.41. Global competitiveness is based on twelve pillars, these pillars are: infrastructure, institutions, macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market and efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication and innovation (Klaus 57). The economic freedom score of Germany is 71.8 and it is ranked 23rd most free in the world. It has experienced increase in six out of the ten indicators of economic freedom. This ranking is higher when compared with the global average. Germany in the Global Economy Germany has withstood the challenges of the global environment to emerge as one of the most powerful and dynamic economy. It has strong business and investment freedom which is supported by openness to global commerce, excellently protected property rights and favorable business regulatory environment. Germany also treats foreign and local investors equally (Heritage foundation 1). Germany is a deeply divided country in terms of income. There is an increase in the rate of poverty. Majority of the population live in less than 60 percent of the median household income. Children are the most hit by poverty. It is evident from the OECD records which show that the rate of poverty in Germany is growing at an exponential rate than any other OECD country. In order to eliminate poverty, the government has proposed an elimination of part-time employment and temporary jobs and instead it has promoted the revision of wage structure and full time employment. Women and the minorities are relegated in economic activities in Germany.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ranking of nations is necessary in order to enhance global competitiveness. It enables some countries to utilize their opportunities outside the nation by using its strengths. Germany, with one of the strongest economies in the world exerts a lot of influence in the global economy. Germany plays a fundamental role in arranging the global monetary system. Germany is a major contributor to the European Union hence its solvency problems pose a threat to the refinancing of the EU; it has therefore the responsibility to push for the implementation of sound fiscal policies within the Euro zone (Weidmann 2). Conclusion Germany economy is growing at an exponential rate. The economy is primarily driven by domestic market which comprise of capital formation in machinery, equipment and consumption expenditure. Germany has also experienced growth in exports and imports but the share of export and import contributes less than the domestic market. The government in Germany, unlike in some other c ountries, play limited role in the economy, only particularly that of regulation and subsidizing some sectors. Women and minority groups are sidelined in playing a role in the economy. According to the OECD standards, a significant percentage of the population of Germany fall in the poverty level and it is considered the highest poverty level in the OECD bloc. Being a major contributor to the European Union, Germany is an actor in the global economy. Economy Watch. Germany Economy. Economy Watch, 2011. Web. Heritage Foundation. 2011 index of economic freedom. Heritage Foundation, 2011. Web. Klaus, Schwab. The Global competitiveness report 2011–2012. We Forum, 2011. Web. Mueller, Anthony. â€Å"The German Economy: Europe’s faltering Giant†. The Independent Review 12.2 (2007), 279–283. Siebert, Horst. The German economy: beyond the social market. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. Print. Weidmann, Jens. Germany’s role in the global eco nomy. BIS, 2011. Web.

Literature Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature Research Paper - Essay Example As the stories begin, both the protagonists, Calixta of â€Å"The Storm† and Edna of â€Å"The Awakening† are trapped in the confines of domesticity, however awareness of its confines slowly begins to dawn in both of them. In â€Å"The Storm† Calixta is busy with her domestic chores, â€Å"sewing furiously on a sewing machine†, until the storm starts brewing. â€Å"Suddenly realizing the situation† she goes about shutting doors (www.ablongman.com). The storm symbolizes the spur that jogs her into a new awareness. In a similar manner, Mademoiselle Reisz serves as the spur that jogs Edna into awareness, especially as contrasted with Madame Ratignole who is repressed and conservative and is described as the â€Å"bygone heroine of romance† (Chopin 888). As opposed to this, Madame Ratignole is â€Å"the embodiment of womanly grace and charm† but her race is also known for â€Å"their entire absence of prudery† (Chopin 889). In inter acting with Madame Ratignole, Edna becomes conscious of a vague dissatisfaction with her life and the narrowness of her upbringing, desiring to be as sensual as Madame Ratignole instead. This initial awareness leads both the protagonists into a sexual encounter. As Calixta gathers up the sheet she has been sewing, she appears to be unconsciously dispensing with the outward signs of her domesticity and submitting herself to the wildness of the storm raging outside. When Alcee gathers her into his arms, she looks up at him and the â€Å"fear in her liquid blue eyes had given place to a drowsy gleam that unconsciously betrayed a sensuous desire.†( www.ablongman.com). Edna’s awareness also leads her into a sexual encounter, and this is described as a light which begins to â€Å"dawn dimly within her – the light which, showing the way, forbids it.† (Chopin 893). This reveals the inner conflict which the sexual encounter generates in Edna, the path to independence lies revealed to her, yet it is not one encouraged by

Goodbye Mr. Chips by James Hilton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Goodbye Mr. Chips by James Hilton - Essay Example A true educator will not say "I teach English, Math, German etc." but rather, "I teach children/pupils/students..." As Kathie Chipping puts it so well, "schoolmastering is so important, don't you think To be influencing those who are going to grow up and matter to the world..." (Hilton, 35). On the surface, the style and methods of the old teacher appear conservative and conventional, like all good educators, he is open to change, when it is for the good, and not merely for its own sake. By incorporating new ideas, using humor, gentleness and wisdom, better results are achieved. By earning respect and love, such a teacher then becomes an inspiration and finally finds contentment and self-worth in knowing they have done a good job. Evidence of this is shown in the achievements of his pupils, his 'boys': Conflict: The outward manifestation of the principal conflict is the passionate argument between Chips and Ralston, the young headmaster. The underlying differences are those of values and motivation. On one side, there is Ralston, efficient, ruthless, ambitious, 'modern' and materialistic. On the other, is Chips, representing years of tradition, old fashioned teaching methods, using a gentlemanly, timeless approach to what pupils should be learning, and with a genuine dedication to their personal development. Ralston's stance can be illustrated thus, when trying to get rid of Chips: "Your boys don't learn even what they're supposed to learn. None of them last year got through the Lower certificate." (Hilton, 75). In seeking to make money, and a reputation for himself, Chips perceived him to be "running Brookfield like a factory, a factory for turning out a snob-culture based on money and machines." (Hilton, 76). He detested the results of such activity, as "Vulgar..ostentatious...all the hectic rotten-ripeness of the age...no sense of proportion." (Hilton, 77). Their personalities and views on educational methods reflect opposing values. Ralston demands 'modernity', and changes which seek to show his perceived talents in a favorable light, not because it is better. Chips subscribes to the view that 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it', why make change for its own sake, certificates do not make better human beings. In the historical context, the conflict occurs in a period of social change. Victorian morality had given way to a frenetic, rich, Edwardian decadence. But a huge gap still existed between the rich and the poor. While Ralston courted the rich for their money and power, Chips, influenced by the socialist, idealist and democratic beliefs he had absorbed from Kathie, hoped for change which 3. would encompass education for all, "a

Attachment Theory Analysis Development And Application Psychology Essay

Attachment Theory Analysis Development And Application Psychology Essay This paper focuses on the concept of attachment theory. We begin with an analysis of what it is and its development and the founders and important people who have applied and developed it. We then present its applications in the modern psychology. Attachment can be defined as the emotional bond that connects one person with another. This theory was first advanced by psychologist John Bowl by and he described it as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969). He believed that the initial bond that is formed by children with their parent or caregivers have very important impact upon their entire lives. According to him, the attachment is very fundamental in ensuring that the childs chances of survival are enhanced. The main theme in the theory of attachment revolves around the notion that mothers who are responsive and available to the needs of their children usually establish some sense of security. The infant are therefore ware of the fact that such a bond with a dependable parent or caregiver is important for their security and safety. This gives them a well secured platform to explore the world at large. The main characteristics of attachment Secure base This is when the caregiver or parent provides a dependable and secure base for the child to explore the world. Safe haven This is exhibited when the child feels afraid and threatened. They do therefore turn back to their caregiver to seek comfort Maintenance of proximity This is exhibited when the child makes efforts to be as close to the caregiver or parent as much as possible in order to keep themselves safe. Distress of separation The Ainsworths theory of Strange Situation Mary Ainsworth, a psychologist in 1970s carried out research that expounded immensely on the work of Bowlbys. Her famous theory of Strange Situation revealed that there is a notable effects of attachment on the human behavior. The study which she conducted entailed an observation of children aged between 12 and 18 months who were being watched as they responded to various situations in which they were left alone for a short period of time. The infants were then reunited with their mothers as pointed out by (Ainsworth, 1978). On the basis of the observed responses, Ainsworth came up with three main styles of attachment which were: Secure attachment Ambivalent-insecure attachment Avoidant-insecure attachment However, later on, the work of Main and Solomon (1986) saw the addition of an extra style of attachment referred to as disorganized-insecure attachment. Several other studies have shown that the various attachment styles have a profound influence on the behavior of humans in their later lives. Detailed characteristics of attachments Secure attachment Children who are securely attached do exhibit a lot of distress when they get separated from their caregivers. They do however become happy on the return of their caregiver. It is worth pointing out the fact that these children do feel secure and are able to depend entirely on their parents ar caregivers. Whenever the caregiver or parent leaves, they may feel upset but with the knowledge and hope that their caregiver would soon come back. In case they get frightened by anything, these securely attached children would seek the comfort and protection of their caregivers. They know their parents and caregivers and their ability to provide them with assurance and comfort. Ambivalent attachment The ambivalently attached children normally do become distressed whenever their caregivers leave them. This form of attachment is usually uncommon and is therefore observable in just a small percentage of American children. It has been shown through research that ambivalent children are a product of poor maternal availability. These children however, cannot rely on their parents availability for their needs to be met. Avoidant attachment This form of attachment is characterized with children who try at all costs to avoid their parents or primary caregivers. In case they get offered a chance, they would show no form of preference between their caregivers and new people who are considered total strangers. Research work has indicated that this form of attachment comes about as a result of a neglectful or abusive caregiver. This therefore means that children who get penalized or punished fpor their reliance on their caregivers would soon learn to avoid seeking their help in the future. The problems with attachment There are a myriad of problems that affects attachments. The questions that most people may ask are what happens to infant who do not form some form of secure attachment. Extant literature suggests that in case there is a failure to be part of a secure attachment during infancy, then there is bound to be negative impact on the behavior of the affected individual. This is notable in the early childhood as well as during adulthood. The children who are diagnosed with oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or conduct disorder (CD) usually show signs of attachment related problems. This is possibly as a result of : Early abuse Neglect and Trauma. It has been suggested by clinicians that early attachments do have very serious effects on the future relationships .For example, people who are securely attached during their childhood do tend to have positive qualities such as: Good self esteem Strong romantic relationships Ability to disclose oneself to other people. It has been suggested by several theorists that the attachment theory is a special kind of psychological theory that gives a description as well as explanation to be used as a theoretical framework necessary for discussing the various types of affectionate relationships that do exist between individuals. This theory which got its origin from John Bowlby in 1969 has continued to be influential as a logical framework to be utilized in the explanation of interpersonal relationships as pointed out by (Hazan, Shaver, 1987). Bowlbys theory was heavily influenced by the work of Harry Harlow. Harlow is the one who made a discovery that infant monkeys that got separated from their caregivers (mothers) ended up clinging to objects that were as fluffy as their mothers as opposed to the wire-coated food sispensers.This was a strong indication that the infants had a strong need to be nurtured as poited out by Harlow Suomi (1970).It was the belief of Bowlby that the attachment style of an individual is developed in their childhood and gets heavy influence by the infants relationship with the primary caregiver. His other belief was that an individual style of attachment is durable and has a strong influence on the way the person would relate to others through our their life time (Bowlby, 1969).There are however some theorist who challenge this notion. Secure attachment style This is the very first attachment style. Individuals who are securely attached have very low self esteem coupled with low avoidance. They however have positive attitudes towards themselves and towards the rest of the people. In order to promote secure attachment in children, it is important for the primary caregivers to be dependable, supportive and provide a safe haven as pointed out by Bartholomew Horowitz (1991). Ainsworths strange situation study revealed that securely attached children are characterized by several behaviors such as protestation of their caregivers departure while having the ability to begin being in happy mood only to welcome the departed caregiver and be reassured once again of their comfort as outlined by Tracy Ainsworth (1981). There are other benefits that come with being securely attached. These include the ability to form very close and intimate relationships with very little ease while being comfortable with the autonomy. Secure adults usually feel like they are worthless and have expectations that other persons will be accepting while being responsive at the same time as outlined by (Hazan Shaver, 1987). The diminishing attachment style This form of attachment is characterized by individuals who have low anxiety coupled with a rather high avoidance. Therefore, they do have a positive attitude towards their existence. They however do have a high avoidance of others. This form of attachment is observable in children and is formed whenever an infants bid to gain comfort are rejected and their primary care givers are hesitant and generally reluctant to allow body contact between them. This makes them to pick up their young ones in very abrupt manner. There is also an element of controlling behavior with very limited emotional response as indicated by (Hazan Shaver, 1987). An observation by Ainsworth shown that children who are dismissing had a characteristic of not being distressed by the departure of their caregivers and they were also not too much bothered by their return. This observation was reported by (Tracy Ainsworth, 1981). In adults It is also a general fact that adults who belong to the category of the dismissing individuals do feel a certain sense of worthiness. They however possess a very negative disposition towards other individuals. They do have a self protection mechanism that involves the avoidance of very close relationships and the maintenance of a general sense of independence coupled with invulnerability. The preoccupied (Fearful avoidant attachment styles) This third attachment style is referred to as the preoccupied style. These persons do experience a very high level of anxiety coupled with low avoidance. Therefore they get preoccupied and do feel on a constant basis, a sense of unlovabililty along with that of unworthiness that is combined with an affirmative evaluation of others. The preoccupied style is usually formed whenever a primary care giver is inconsistent in their manner of parenting. This is marked with being loving while being responsive. This is however true only when they are able to manage but not in their response to the childs signals as pointed out by Cassidy (2000). In adults Several adults have been shown to be exhibiting this style and they are known to be in a constant quest to be accepted by others through the gaining of acceptance of other individuals in the community. Fearful avoidant style This is the last type of avoidance styles It comprises of highly negative individuals.They do have: High anxiety High avoidance They also feel the following: Unworthy Unlovable They view people negatively and regard them as either rejecting or untrustworthy. Due to this, they usually avoid very close relationship and try to avoid being rejected at all costs. This group is made up of individuals who have been abused and neglected as pointed out by (Bartholomew Horowitz, 1991). The durability of the attachment styles The durability in this case refers to the state of stability of the attachment styles. This has however been a subject of too much controversy and debate. The attachment theory postulates that after repeated experiences during an individuals childhood, they do while in infancy, develop a string of knowledge structures a concept that can also be referred to as an inner working model that acts as a representative of the various several interactions that the infant had while they were with their primary care giver. The infant then learns of the fact that whenever their primary caregivers get responsive then they have an opportunity of counting on them as well as others should need be. On the other hand, in case the primary care givers are cold, unresponsive and inconsistent, then the child would soon learn to ignore or rather neglect their role in his or her life in regards to gaining comfort. . This model has for a long time been thought of as being persistent throughout the life of an individual and can be considered to act for them as some sort of a guide as illustrated by Fraley, (2002). In order to support this model, we bring out the fact that adults generally do tend to be more attentive to situations that bring out their experiences and to information that is in congruence with their worldly expectations. This is called the confirmation bias In order to illustrate this, we look at the study that was conducted by Simpson, Rholes, Nelligan in 1992 that portrayed that people who have avoidant working models with a general view of others as being unreliable did also vies social scenarios as being ambiguous. A study conducted by Roisman, Collins, Sroufe, Egeland (2005) in order to explore if an infants style of attachment could be predictive of their adult hood indicated that: A secure mind state in regard to one;s romantic relationship and better of (high quality) romantic relationship is usually a result of a secured attachment relationship that took place in infancy. In yet another study by Torgersen, Grova, Sommerstand, (2007) whose research relied on the test results of hypothesis that purported that attachment in most adults is heavily influenced by certain genetic factors. This was done through a comparison of both monozygotic as well as dizygotic twins attachment styles. Their result is was that both the environment and the genes have a profound influence on attachment Recent theories Several recent theories dispute this notion. They do propose however that the durability of a certain style is a functions of the stability of an individuals environment. This can be illustrated with a consideration of the experiences of new relationships and formation of new attachments both of which can bring about positive influence on an individuals working model. It is worth noting that the attachment theory is very crucial in the explanation of an individuals interpersonal relationship in a lifetime. The four proposed attachments styles: Secure Preoccupied Dismissing and Fearful avoidant Are all crucial in the explanation of an individuals interpersonal relationship. It is important to note that the durability of attachment has been questioned and more research is going on this. Applications to social phenomena Attachment theory in raising children Attachment is the link that forms between the person taking care of an infant and the infant itself from when it is between eight to nine months of age, giving the child security emotionally. Bonding starts from when a child is being given food, and goes on to participating in pseudo-dialogue and then it is followed by the child taking part in more active roles of proto dialogue, as shown by Kaye (1982), other ideas such as inter-subjectivity and scaffolding have been looked into by psychologists. As an infant continues growing, their attention towards the person taking care of them increases. John Bowlby (1958, 1980) founder of the attachment theory was involved in extensive analysis on the emotional link between infants and adults and he had a strong belief that the early relationships greatly determined the emotional and behavioral growth of a child. An earlier study done by Bowlby in 1944 found out that children who had an unstable upbringing where more likely to become juvenile derelicts. His work is often free to criticism and has been improved on with further research. Other following research has measured different levels of security and insecurity in children from early times by use of the method known as Strange Situation Test. Other explorations have also shown different types of the difficult habits and how a child may relate with the person taking care of them actively. Bowlbys theory was founded on ideas from ethology studies and earlier works. The psychodynamic theory as put by Sigmund Freund was very pertinent during the 50s following the Second World War when women were taking up caring for households and playing motherhood roles as men were going back to employment post war. Sigmund believed that every child ought to have a relationship with one caregiver monotropism and that separating from this person would bring about the proximity promoting behaviors in the attachment order. The caregiver coming would cause the behaviors of, clinging, making noise and crying to come to an end. The protected grounds of the affectionate links present between the parent and infant representation becomes part and parcel of the inner working model. These therefore become the heart and the base of all close relationship during continuation of the childs life all through to adulthood. The interference of a mother and childs relationship through lack of emotion, se paration and bereavement to the bonding process. Bowlbys theory of maternal deprivation (1951, 1953) was supported by Konrad Lorenz imprinting study on the young ones of animals done in 1966. He believed that the childs caregiver should impress as a constant figure, and that lack of maternal links between mother and child could be dangerous to the childs health mentally and could cause delinquency. His opinions on long term organizational care were that if a child was placed in a foster home before reaching two years and six months social, emotional and cognitive development may not be delayed but his other works show there has been varying types of parting in youth with serious behavioral issues. Attachment behavior as looked into by Mary Ainsworth works (1985) Ainsworth Bell, (1974) Ainsworth et al (1978) becomes the base for all potential connections and this develops up to two years from the time the child is born. She also agreed with Bowlby on the opinion that the process of attachment bonding occurs at the age of two years. Roughly when the infant is about 7 months old when they get to be watchful of strangers and unknown environments. This continues until the child attains two years of age. The process Ainsworth (1969) investigated to determine if a child was securely or insecurely connected was the strange situation paradigm. This involved a series of short separations and reunions. The childs parent and a person unknown to the child took part in the study with a child aged one year, there were eight series in total and Ainsworths measurement on secure and insecure connection was founded on the reunion scene of how the child reacted in such a situation. Evaluation was carried out using four different variables. The results showed that there were three main varying styles of adjusting. Type A was the anxious and avoidant. The Type B secure while the Type C was the anxious and ambivalent. Most children showed secure attachment; one fifth of them showed anxious/avoidant and one tenth showed anxious/amb ivalent. Main and Solomon (1990) introduced yet another variable, D Type: which in recent times was disorganized to match the behaviors of children in risky environments. The strange situation paradigm, has been faulted by Judy Dunn (1982, 1983), she believed that children from varying backgrounds like institutional care and those living with their families may bring different meanings to the test and the childs environment. The method and results of the experiment are doubted even by Judy Dunn herself. In another study carried out by Richman in 1982 et al it showed that different dangerous factors of disturbed behavior can be evident from the time a child is three years old. Some of the factors known to influence a childs emotional development are the mothers mental state, marital stability and the parents attitudes to the child. The childs active part must also be taken into consideration when giving advice on bringing up children as is shown in Sameroffs 1991 transactional model, as children interact with their environments, while the caregiver develops the childs behavior and how they will relate in future. In Ainsworth and Bowlbys view in which they both agree relationships are universal it can said that different peoples and cultures have different degrees on to what degree or amount of time an infant should be left alone, Japanese, the Chinese and the Israeli results showed Type C in a research done across cultures by one Marinus van Ijzendoorn and Peter Kroonenberg in 1988. Problems could also be with the ethological view of drawing comparisons between children and the young ones of animals as they could be controlled by an instinct. Bowlby considered only the effect on the child by the caregiver yet other factors could affect this such as the child moods. A mother whose child has a thorny mood could prefer to work and leave their child in a day facility which in turn could have a negative effect on the mother being unable to leave the child behind with other people. The mothers patience and the look of the goodness of fit. Researchers Chess and Thomas (1984) suggested that attachme nt could impact on the behavior and a reflection on the attachment link between the child and the primary caregiver (mother). Bowbly and Ainsworth worked together in the development of secure links as per the sensitive mothering of a child in its first year but it could have an impact on the mother as argued by Woollet and Pheonix in 1991, where if she has to abandon all her earlier work and duties possibly leading to frustrations. A workable alternative is to share the responsibility of parenting but this notion would appear to be contrast to the opinion of Ainsworth and Bowlby. The showing of the movie A Two-Year-Old Goes to Hospital, by James Robertson in 1952 showed the stress and pains of a child separated from the mother during a long stay in hospital. During this period mothers were advised not to pay regular visits to their children while in hospital. According to Ainsworth and Bowlby ,the abrupt and premature separation of the child could have terribly affected its emotional wellbeing and the bonding process. Separation and providing alternative means for taking care of the child have been researched on more recently. Day care was among the topics researched into by Bowlby and his belief was that that if a child started nursery schooling before attaining three years of age, it would also cause irreparable damage to the child. However, recent studies done during the 70s and 80s have shown varying opinions and this was proved in a research carried out by Laurence Steinberg and Jan Belsky in 1978 and in yet another study done by Clarke-Stewart and Fein (1983). A much later study done by Belsky (1988), had different views as mothers who worked for more than 20 hours a week showed a higher level of insecure attachment as compared to his earlier study which found absolutely no problems with taking children for day care, Clarke-Stewart opposed this data. Other crucial factors that needed to be taken into consideration according to Belsky were the difference in the surroundings, the children in the day care facility, the staff at the day care and the quality of the day care. Appendix A: Figure 1: Attachment models source (http://www.personalityresearch.org/attachment.html)

WAL-MART Essay -- essays research papers

Wal-Mart Is Wal-Mart good for communities, or is Wal-Mart a wolf in sheep's clothing? With a gross annual sales of over $67 billion and more than 2,000 stores, Wal-Mart is one of the biggest corporations in the United States. Wal-Mart opens a new store once every two days in small communities and cities across the United States, however, are these stores good for these communities, or are they wrecking havok? When you look down at the fine print Wal-Mart doesn't earn it's money it steals it money from other businesses. Choking other smaller businesses by offering wider varity of products at a more competitive price. This is actually a very simple business tactic if you want to sell a lot of something cut your profit margin to beat the other competitors and you will sell more. Wal-Mart stole an average of over $10 million in an average sized Iowan Town. You want to beat Wal-Mart keep by keeping it from invading you town and making it a ghost land? Here are some steps that have been victorious in the past as how to keep Wal-Mart out. Quote Wal-Marts officers, they have been known to say very contradictory things for instance: Wal-Mart's founder Sam Walton once said "If some community, for whatever reason, doesn't want us in there, we aren't interested in going in and creating a fuss." or is the VP of Wal-Mart once stated, "'We have so many opportunities for building in communities that want Wal-Marts, it would be foolish of us to pursue construction ...

Overpopulation and Water shortage Essay

Increased life expectancies as a result of advances in science are causing overpopulation. In the west immigration and increased life expectancies are causing overpopulation. This directly translates to various economic and social problems for all the residents in an area due to the increased strain in resources. While there is increased need for other countries to adapt better policies that will improve the living conditions for its residents and curb the need to immigrate, nations have to address the issues that are resulting from overpopulation. These issues arising from overpopulation include starvation due to increased population, reduced food supplies and increased prices of food. In addition there is an increasing danger of water shortages in the world due to overexploitation of water resources. The issue of water shortages also arises from the changing global climatic patterns which have resorted from global warming as a result of climate unfriendly practices such as deforestation from increased need for land to settle on and increased air pollution due to increased number of industries and emissions. Systems such as healthcare have also not been spared from strain due to overpopulation and people are receiving lower quality medical care resulting to more deaths. Environmental degradation and overexploitation of available natural resources is a result of overpopulation. Populations are polluting the environment more by inefficient waste disposal mechanisms and increased air and water pollution. Overpopulation results to overcrowding and increased levels of unemployment which has led to increased poverty, more injustices, violence, hunger and an increase in spreading diseases. Human beings like all other species depend on natural ecosystems self regulating processes for supply of basic life support processes such as the purification of air, decomposition of waste, climate regulation and the supply of water. Water is a natural renewable resource that will automatically self renew. However this is when all other natural processes are held constant. An increase in the population of people living in an area to an amount that will bring a strain to all natural resources is called overpopulation. The integrity of all these ecosystems is compromised by the strain and as a result there is either insufficient water supply or a compromise in the quality of water (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 56) There is a world wide crisis over water. According to the recent report by the United Nations, the problems arising from water shortages cannot be ignored. More than thirty one countries are currently facing dire water shortages. More than a billion of the world’s population is facing water scarcity or is lacking access to clean water for drinking. The reports published by World Bank predict that by 2025, more than two thirds of the world population will have insufficient water (Cooper, 16). The amount of water being consumed is on an upward global trend and is doubling every two decades due to the increasing populations and needs. At the same time, the available water resources are under the constant threat of pollution, depletion and overexploitation in a bid to meet the rising needs. Countries and municipal systems have proved inefficient in the provision of sufficient and safe water to the constantly increasing population. In addition the most crucial aspect to this dilemma is the strain the over population is placing on the existing water resources. Illinois is the fifth largest state in the United States with a population of more than 12. 4 million people. More immigrants are moving to Illinois and experts predict a slow but rapid increase in the state in the future. Illinois has always been thought to have ample water supply. The fact that Lake Michigan has constantly supplied Illinois with water has always given residents security in water supply. Researchers have raised concern over this current trend of affairs and have predicted that in the next fifteen years Illinois will be facing possible water shortage crisis. Cities in the south like Chicago and Bloomington used cooperative agreement with the surrounding California states to limit their water consumption. In the Chicago area, similar to other parts of the continent, awareness on the looming water crisis as experienced by other states in the south has resulted in local and state officials implementing measures that will allow conservation of the fresh water supplies and ensure that water is more efficiently used by the residents (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 64). Illinois as a state has realized the importance of addressing impending water crisis before they become a reality. The solution to the looming water shortages in Illinois were first geared towards increasing the number of water supplies in the state by digging more wells and aquifers. There was an outcry by environmental conservationists and as all the stakeholders began to realize that this approach would not last them long, they initiated a better strategy into the 21st century. This approach is on better management of the already established supplies. To this ideal, numerous water conservation programs have been established at the regional level that are geared towards the application of better water saving approaches at the individual level. In addition they advocate for residents to use water efficient appliances as well as fixtures. The battle over water resources at the Southern states has created awareness among all the US states and the politicians and policy makers have geared their efforts towards addressing the threat of water shortages. Illinois is one of the eight states of United Sates of America which approved the Great Lakes Compact. This is an initiative by the southern states to protect the five great lakes by restricting and regulating access to them thereby ensuring a constant safe supply of water for those Southern Sates in the future. There is a rapid growth in all the towns in Illinois and due to this the demand for water has increased. This has translated to higher water consumption and Illinois is approaching the maximum allotted limit from Lake Michigan. These limits have been in use since 1985 after being decreed by the Supreme Court in 1967. Researches have been analyzing the possibility of utilizing alternative water supplies such as Aquifers for meeting the growing water demands. They discovered that the aquifers would only sustain water use up to 2030 if the populations’ consumption remained stable. Under the growing population strain and the corresponding rising need for more water that would not be enough for sustaining the population (Cooper, 20). Sufficient fresh water which is of good quality is vital for any state to sustain the various people and animals living there. Water is a basic need used for drinking and bathing, irrigation, sustaining fisheries and other crucial services in a state (Shah, 90). There is a global change in the climatic conditions and this has led to the eventual and rapid disappearance of critical ecosystems not only in Bloomington but also in other cities all over the world threatening the continuous supply of water for their increasing populations. The situation at hand in Bloomington is that which is being faced by all the other cities all over the United States. Bloomington city is located in the center of Illinois southwest of Chicago. It is the largest county in Illinois with a population of more than 64. 8 million. Bloomington is the fastest growing city in Illinois and recorded a population growth of more than 20%. There is an increased trend over the last few years due to increased immigration. The city council of Bloomington is working towards the expansion of the Monroe WTPs’ capacity. They are attempting to address this issue by using membrane filtration to bring the additional flow to provide population with sufficient water. Bloomington is major city in Illinois. The main source of drinking water for Bloomington city is Monroe Reservoir. Lake Griffy and Lake Lemon supplement the water supply. In Bloomington, the main regional water conservation body is campaigning for addressing both quality and quantity water issues for Bloomington’s rapidly growing population. Among the recommended strategies they have given to improve the quality of water they are advocating for planting green roofs and eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers. This is because the chemical residues are eventually drained off to the lakes and the water reservoirs. In addition residents are dissuaded from over exploiting fossil fuels and instead using alternative energy (Shah, 102). To address the issue of water shortages the city has focused on implementing measures that will reduce water use for the growing population. They have recommended and are facilitating the implementation of better strategies which will lead the way towards the achievement of a self sustainable biosphere in the light of the increasing population. These include the installation of low flow shower heads, introduction of machines that maximize washing loads, ensuring roof run off is not wasted and is instead used for irrigation and landscaping with native plants that are water efficient. Experts have also advocated for the installation of ultra flow sanitary units, better washing machines and more water efficient sprinkler systems (Shah, 86). The increase in the human population is inevitable and the state and city policy makers have had to address the issue of the increasing strain in natural resources including water. For this approach to be successful, Bloomington like other cities needs to engage a more cyclical approach which will be more efficient and cost effective to ensure long term future sustainability of water resources for its growing population. Bloomington seems to be taking initiative towards implementing this model by an increase in recycling strategies, decreasing the water consumption and toxic releases to the water sources and air. The Bloomington city government seems to have acknowledged the need to do more in regard to establishing initiatives that are addressing the impending overpopulation crisis. To this regard, they have established a commission on sustainability that addresses issues regarding the establishment of policies geared towards conservation of the already available resources. The mayor signed the climate protection agreement and implemented city council resolutions which are Kyoto protocol friendly. These have worked towards reducing the soaring green gas emissions which are targeted towards stabilizing global climatic conditions (Zuckerman & Jefferson, 76). The town needs to increase the North’s supply by incorporating Lake Lemon and Lake Griffy as well as the Bean Blossom Creek. This would only be more slightly expensive than the current model and would supply water to a larger region and would serve as a better supply alternative for Lake Monroe. Other sources that would end the impending crisis would include investing in ground water supplies. Aquifers in the north would supplement the water supply but this would require an intensive study and analysis to ensure that they are a safe alternative for sully of water for consumption. Both of these approaches would ensure reliability in supply but in the light of the growing populations there is need to do more to ensure that these supplies will be consistent and will supply water for the populations. More crucial to implementing any conservation approach is the need to create water awareness campaigns for the residents. There is need to translate the soaring water costs and the reasons behind it so that communities can actively participate in implementing the recommended approaches. REFERENCES Ben Zuckerman & David Jefferson, Human Population and the Environmental Crisis, New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 1996, 18-78. Anup Shah, Ecology and the Crisis of Overpopulation: Future Prospects for Global Sustainability, Northampton: Edward Elgar publishers, 1998, 86-162. Mary H Cooper, Water Shortages: Is There Enough Fresh Water for Everyone? , Washington: CQ Press, 2003, 16-35.

Jasper Jones Study Guide - 6848 Words

Jasper Jones Reading Guide S.A. Jones v2 April 2010 http://www.sajones.com.au Synopsis .................................................................................................................................................. 3 About the Author .................................................................................................................................... 3 Edition Used ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Morality and Ethics ................................................................................................................................. 3 Moral Duality†¦show more content†¦If Jasper Jones hadn’t shown me the cigarette burns on his shoulders just hours before, if I hadn’t touched their ugly pink pucker with my fingertips, I wouldn’t have suspected this man to be the monster he was’ (p. 160) Charlie’s mother, Ruth, cultivates her image as a good mother and citizen, memb er of the CWA and volunteer for all manner of civic events. She demands obedience and respect from Charlie and is capable of a quasi-hysterical response when she doesn’t receive it. Yet she is carrying on a clandestine affair with an unnamed man from the back seat of a car. Charlie’s disappearance compromises Ruth’s image: ‘I’d shattered the facade, I’d sullied the family name and her repute. Tongues were wagging. Aspersions were being cast like dandelion spores on hot gossipy winds. The CWA brigade and the badminton babblers were tutting like vultures. I was no longer a model child and she was no longer a model mother. And a snide, petty part of me was thrilled about it, almost proud’ (p. 198-199) When Charlie finds his mother in a compromising position with a man who is not his father it shifts the power balance between them (p. 244). At this moment, Ruth loses her moral authority over Charlie and in some ways Charlie ceases to be a ‘child’. He must assume responsibility for his own moral stance. Pete Wishart, Laura and Eliza’s father, is probably the most hypocritical character in the novel. Whenever Charlie mentions him, he almost invariably remarks that he isShow MoreRelatedImplementing A Dementia Care Programme For Patients With Dementia Within Hospitals3532 Words   |  15 PagesFrom: Mrs Susana Jones, Head of Patient Care Services, Fawks Hospital To: Mrs Forever Powerdo, Chief Executive, Fawks Hospital, NHS Trust REPORT: A proposed strategy to introduce a Dementia Care programme for patients with dementia within hospitals. Contents Page (Executive) summary Rationale for the introduction of Dementia Care Programme Critical Discussion Devising a Dementia Care Team Current System Model of Improvement Implementation Plan Question 1: What are we trying to accomplishRead More Improving Patient Safety in Stroke Rehabilitation Wards2914 Words   |  12 Pages Patient safety is a major issue in health care, especially in the public sector. 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